Are Our Elderly Well-Fed but Malnourished?

Malnutrition is often misunderstood due to societal perceptions of body size. Many believe that because an elderly person appears well-fed or has chronic conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure, they cannot be malnourished. However, malnutrition can affect anyone, including those who are overweight or obese. This misconception can also make caregivers feel that their food options for the elderly—especially those with dysphagia—are limited. But in reality, nourishing choices exist for all dietary needs.

Understanding Malnutrition in the Elderly

Malnutrition occurs when the body does not receive the nutrients it needs to function properly. It can take two main forms:

• Undernutrition: A lack of essential nutrients like protein and vitamins, leading to muscle loss, fatigue, and weakened immunity.

• Overnutrition: Excess calorie intake without proper nutrients, often leading to obesity but still causing nutrient deficiencies.

For older adults, undernutrition is particularly concerning, as it contributes to frailty, reduced mobility, and increased hospitalisation risks.

Why Are Singapore’s Elderly at Risk?

Several factors contribute to malnutrition in older adults:

1. Poor Diet Choices: Some older adults rely on convenient, processed foods that lack essential nutrients.
2. Loss of Appetite: Ageing can reduce appetite due to physiological changes, chronic illnesses, or medication side effects.
3. Swallowing Difficulties (Dysphagia): Many elderly individuals struggle with swallowing, leading to reduced food intake. Dysphagia-friendly foods can help.
4. Medical Conditions: Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and dementia increase nutrient needs while making eating more difficult.
5. Sarcopenia (Muscle Loss): Ageing leads to muscle decline, worsened by insufficient protein intake, increasing frailty and fall risks.

The Hidden Risks of Malnutrition in the Elderly

Elderly individuals facing hospitalisation, long-term care, or chronic illnesses often experience unintentional weight loss or dietary changes. Because weight loss is commonly viewed as beneficial, they may not recognise it as a warning sign of malnutrition. If left unaddressed, this can lead to muscle loss, frailty, and declining health.

With 1 in 4 Singaporeans expected to be aged 65 and above by 2030 (MCI, 2023), ensuring proper nutrition for older adults is crucial for their well-being and independence.

The Consequences of Malnutrition in Elderly Singaporeans

• Weakened immune system → Higher risk of infections
• Slow wound healing → Increased risk of complications in hospitals
• Loss of strength and mobility → Greater risk of falls and fractures
• Higher risk of hospital readmission → Increased healthcare costs

How to Detect and Prevent Malnutrition in Older Adults

Since malnutrition isn’t always obvious, watch for these warning signs in elderly loved ones: ✔ Unintentional weight loss ✔ Feeling weaker or more tired than usual ✔ Loss of muscle tone ✔ Decreased appetite ✔ Slow wound healing ✔ Difficulty swallowing or chewing food

To prevent malnutrition, caregivers can:

• Encourage balanced meals rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals.
• Provide soft, easy-to-eat foods for those with chewing or swallowing difficulties.
• Ensure regular meal times and social engagement to encourage eating.
• Seek help from dietitians or healthcare professionals if weight loss or appetite changes occur.

Providing Nourishing Choices for the Elderly

At GentleFoods®, we provide Nutrition Information Profiles (NIP) to help guide informed meal planning. For nutritious food choices, visit GenetleFoods®. If you need extra assistance, our dietitian is available to support you in creating a well-balanced diet for your loved ones, visit GentleCare to make an appointment.

Final Thoughts

Malnutrition in Singapore’s elderly population is a pressing issue that requires more awareness and action. As our nation ages, ensuring proper nutrition for seniors is essential for their independence and well-being.

Good nutrition isn’t just about eating—it’s about thriving in later years.